Calories in 16 Oz of Beef Strw
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world'south favorite film characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had and so much going on behind the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an astonishing fantasy earth.
In laurels of the 80th ceremony of the moving-picture show, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and learn more virtually the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved pic a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Film
As a cocky-proclaimed lifelong fan of 50. Frank Baum's Oz serial, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to exist considered for a role in the 1939 picture adaptation. Hamilton called her agent to ask which grapheme the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work fourth dimension. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on set for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for existence too scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Look Was More Movie Star Than Subcontract Girl
Certain, Dorothy Gale doesn't demand prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the xvi-yr-old Garland had to wear a corset-similar device so she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (as whatever preadolescent daughter would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. Afterwards MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to exist herself. Smart motility.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Smashing Picture Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of nifty film tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In information technology, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald Urban center, leaving the phrase "Give up Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Die — W W W."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
1 of the Wicked Witch's final-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'southward quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connexion than that.
All that magical snow? Information technology's actually 100% industrial-form chrysotile asbestos. Fifty-fifty though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was even so Hollywood's preferred selection for imitation snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your natural language.
Scarecrow'due south Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin can Man's) willingness to merchandise parts with him. The Can Man's aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was better than Ebsen'south, he still had some bug. The Scarecrow'southward makeup consisted of a safety prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the look of burlap. After the motion-picture show wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger'southward face that took more than than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a burst of flames and red fume, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, information technology may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the first take, the fume rose from a hidden trapdoor as well early.
For the 2d have, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the burn down flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated upward instantly, causing 2nd- and tertiary-caste burns on her easily and face up. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flight Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source material — accept certainly been a source of terror for generations. Virtually every bit scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of piano wires.
However, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut downwards on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature prophylactic monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Most on the Cutting Room Flooring
To no one'southward surprise, the American Moving picture Found ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Simply what may surprise you lot? The (arguably) well-nigh iconic song of Judy Garland's career was nearly cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song made the Kansas scenes also long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the song's significant. Luckily, this unfounded business organization melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the vocal was left on the cutting room floor.
The Can Man Costume Didn't Let Jack Haley to Residuum Like shooting fish in a barrel
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a 90-pound panthera leo costume, Jack Haley didn't take it easy either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "can" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was and so strong that he had to lean confronting a lath to rest properly. Many years later on, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same issue with his rigid costume. Information technology seems fifty-fifty fantasy and sci-fi can't help folks escape all their problems.
The Original Can Human being Was Rushed to the Infirmary
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was bandage as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. Nonetheless, Ebsen'due south new character, the Can Homo, caused him a globe of problems. Namely, the character's silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To brand matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to exhale, he was rushed to the infirmary. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), only didn't explicate why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the last pic, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to See the Magician."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is total of practical special effects that really concur upwardly. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking fabricated of muslin. The special effects team spun it effectually miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature firm that was dropped onto a heaven painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to make it await like the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up And then Either
Pay inequality has always been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular character in Walt Disney'southward Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The film went on to make roughly $viii million.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was amend than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it still didn't reflect the film'due south success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr'due south Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought information technology might cast its mascot — the actual king of beasts used in the studio'south title card — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from existent king of beasts peel. Notwithstanding, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his grapheme's nerves. Each dark, two stagehands dried the costume for the next mean solar day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The moving-picture show started shooting in Oct of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking upwards an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That'south nearly $l million adjusted for aggrandizement. Upon its initial release, the motion-picture show merely earned $3 meg at the box office — about $51.viii million past today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era pic, remember that Disney fabricated $8 1000000 with Snowfall White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937). The Sorcerer of Oz'south modest success in the U.Due south. barely covered production and movie rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the film's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Earlier "Me Too"
Judy Garland was only 16 years former when she was cast every bit Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to young actors to help them sleep after studios shot them up with adrenaline then they could piece of work long hours.
The spotlight — and her dissentious contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. Co-ordinate to a writer for Limited, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy nutrition of cigarettes, coffee and craven soup.
The Phonation of Snowfall White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's characteristic-length animated film Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hit. Non but did the picture revolutionize the animation industry, it likewise reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow upward Snow White — and so the most successful moving-picture show of all time — with an accommodation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM endemic the rights. Past happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited part in Oz. During the Tin can Man's "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art g Romeo?"
The Cerise Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally argent, only screenwriter Noel Langley felt the cherry color would really popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's principal costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about 2,300 sequins.
1 of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution'due south National Museum of American History. Since the display is then heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the rug there several times. Some other pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your archetype chance story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Even so, despite all these breathtaking locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making information technology possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far abroad places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the motion-picture show is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A 2nd Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the most love dogs in moving-picture show history. Terry was famously non a huge fan of special effects and can oftentimes be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Man spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for 2 weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to find one that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was then fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her character was more just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More 35 years afterward the movie debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to testify kids information technology was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her nigh the character.
According to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was also a sad, lonely effigy. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly plenty, the Broadway musical Wicked likewise takes this approach to the Witch's character.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Nutrient Product
In 1939, audiences were just every bit amazed every bit Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Homo and the Cowardly Lion when the equus caballus in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "equus caballus of a different colour" was fabricated possible thanks to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweetness treat. But the colorful steed isn't the simply interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn carriage was once owned by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Actress Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch'due south flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to give life to this fantasy film. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Most actors had to make it before 5:00 in the morning — six days a week! — to brainstorm the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Film
The moving picture is clogged of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the bully fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in pic history besides. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Picture show Lines" and placed a whopping three of the flick'south lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that man behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "There's no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling nosotros're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch'due south Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the motion picture is incredible. Like the "horse of a different color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Presently after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the young girl'southward feet. Even so, fire strikes the Witch'south hands, repelling her. This "fire" is really apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-upwards clip to go far wait more than flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was role fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In lodge to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to exist lit with arc lights, which frequently heated the ready up to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set up, the experts experimented with what would look best on motion picture, particularly in colorized grade. For example, the white part of Dorothy'southward dress is actually pink — simply because information technology filmed better. And the oil the Tin can Man is then excited most? It's really chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More Than One Appearance
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the young daughter dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the Due east, who was the brusk-lived owner of the scarlet slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the crimson slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Motion-picture show's Running Time Was Cutting Downward Several Times
The first cutting of the flick clocked in at a running fourth dimension of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nothing by today's Marvel pic standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
Later cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the moving picture was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, later, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Human becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton'southward Wicked Witch of the West performance too frightening for audiences and cutting or trimmed many of her scenes. Just not everyone idea her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film's starring foes were actually friends. Ane story that emerged from the ready described Garland excitedly showing off a wearing apparel to Hamilton, declaring she was going to clothing it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the mean solar day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the entire picture show was shot in colour. Was this done deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical false pas?
Information technology's widely believed this was a bit of a stunt washed to heighten the surprise of the picture turning into total three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters fabricated at the time of the picture show's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
Ane of History's About-Watched Films
Although The Magician of Oz proved popular in theaters, some other film released the same year, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box role. (You may take heard of that lilliputian movie — it'south called Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more than staying power than other films of the era, thanks in part to re-releases.
The flick was offset broadcast on boob tube on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It's believed that The Wizard of Oz is ane of the x well-nigh-watched feature-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of annual goggle box screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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